Research Article

ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE OF TOILET INFECTION PREVENTIVE MEASURES AMONG BOARDING SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN NORTH EAST, NIGERIA

1 Department of Human Kinetics and Health Education, Taraba State University, Jalingo
2 Department of Human Kinetics and Health Education, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria
3 Department of Human Kinetics and Health Education, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
* Corresponding author: aisiaq@education.abu.edu.ng
Published: Mar, 2025
Pages: 62-67
Views: 20
Downloads: 10
Cited by: 8

Abstract

The study assessed the knowledge of toilet infection preventive measures among boarding secondary school students in North East, Nigeria. To achieve this purpose, descriptive survey research design was used. The population for this study was twentyfive thousand seven hundred and seventy-three (25,773) female students in boarding secondary schools across North-East Nigeria. The sample size of 378 was selected using multistage sampling procedures which include stratified, simple random, purposive, and proportionate sampling. The instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire developed by the researcher. The instrument was pilot-tested using Cronbach Alpha and a 0.851 coefficient value was obtained. The Descriptive statistics of frequency and simple percentages were used to analyze the demographic characteristics of the respondents. The research question was answered using mean and standard deviation and inferential statistics of one-sampled t-test was used to test the stated hypothesis at a 0.05 level of significance. The result revealed that the knowledge of toilet infection preventive measures is significant (t = 23.451; p = 0.000). Based on the results, the study concluded that the boarding secondary school students in North East, Nigeria have knowledge of toilet infection preventive measures. Based on the conclusion, the study recommends the need for the school management to implement comprehensive educational programmes to reinforce and maintain the high level of knowledge among boarding secondary school students in North East, Nigeria regarding toilet infection preventive measures. 

References

  1. Abdulrasaq, Q. O., Jidda, K. A. & Akorede, S. N. (2015). Perceived Influence of Drainage and Waterways Dumping on the Environment among the People of Ilorin South Local Government Area. Ilorin Journal of Health Promotion and Environmental Health Education, 1(1), 104-114.
  2. Abney, S. E., Bright, K. R., McKinney, J., Ijaz, M. K., & Gerba, C. P. (2021). Toilet hygiene review and research needs. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 131(6), 2705–2714. https://doi.org/10.1111/jam.15121
  3. Aggarwal, R., & Ranganathan, P. (2019). Study Designs: Part 2 - Descriptive studies. Perspectives in Clinical Research, 10(1), 34–36.
  4. Ahmed, S., & Ibrahim, M. (2018). Knowledge and practice of toilet hygiene among secondary school students in Bauchi State, Nigeria. Journal of Public Health Research and Practice, 12(3), 45-53.
  5. Akanzum, J., & Pienaah, C. K. A. (2023). Review of the effects of adequate sanitary facilities on the participation and performance of the school girl child in Ghana. ISABB Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences, 8(1), 1-14.
  6. Aleineina, I. A., & Sokhn, E. S. (2024). Knowledge and prevalence of urinary tract infection among pregnant women in Lebanon. Heliyon, 10(17), e37277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37277
  7. Almaghlouth, A. K., Alkhalaf, R. A., Alshamrani, A. A., Alibrahim, J. A., Alhulibi, B. S., Al-Yousef, A. Y., Alamer, A. K., Alsuabie, S. M., Almuhanna, S. M., & Alshehri, A. D. (2023). Awareness, knowledge, and attitude towards urinary tract infections: An appraisal from Saudi Arabia. Cureus, 15(11), e49352. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.49352
  8. Amin, A., Abdulrauf, A., & Isiaq, A. T. (2024). Strategies for the implementation of environmental protection regulations towards sustainable waste management in Oyo State. Gusau International Journal of Management and Social Sciences, 7(2), 83-104. https://doi.org/10.57233/gijmss.v7i2.05
  9. Berihun, G., Adane, M., Walle, Z., Abebe, M., Alemnew, Y., Natnael, T., Andualem, A., Ademe, S., Tegegne, B., Teshome, D., & Berhanu, L. (2022). Access to and challenges in water, sanitation, and hygiene in healthcare facilities during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia: A mixed-methods evaluation. PloS one, 17(5), e0268272. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268272
  10. Bokolia, R. (2016). Assessment of Knowledge of Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) Amongst School-Going Adolescent Girls. Value in Health, 19, 1-10.
  11. El-Duah, J., Harris, M. J., & Appiah-Brempong, E. (2021). Knowledge on sexually transmitted infections among school-going adolescents in the Sunyani West District of Ghana. Ghana Journal of Science, 62(2), 36-43. https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjs.v62i2.4
  12. Federal Ministry of Water Resources (FMWR), Government of Nigeria, National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) and UNICEF (2022). Water, Sanitation and Hygiene: National Outcome Routine Mapping (WASHNORM) 2021: A Report of Findings. FCT Abuja. Nigeria
  13. Habu, H., Emmanuel, O. C., & Inuwa, A. (2018). Awareness and practice of prevention of sexually transmitted diseases among demonstration secondary school students, University of Maiduguri, Borno State. Journal of Health Education Research & Development, 6(3), 266–272.
  14. Ismail, S. R., Radzi, R., Megat Kamaruddin, P. S. N., Lokman, E. F., Lim, H. Y., Abdul Rahim, N., Yow, H. Y., Arumugam, D., Ngu, A., Low, A. C. Y., Wong, E. H., Patil, S., Madhavan, P., Nordin, R. B., van der Werf, E., & Lai, N. M. (2024). The effects of school-based hygiene intervention programme: Systematic review and meta-analysis. PloS one, 19(10), e0308390. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0308390
  15. Melaku, A., Mengistie, B., & Addis, T. (2023). The Status of School Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Services in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Progress Towards Achieving the SDG 6. Environmental health insights, 17, 11786302231199003. https://doi.org/10.1177/11786302231199003
  16. Muhammad, A., & Lawal, T. (2017). Knowledge and attitude of toilet infection prevention in secondary schools in Adamawa State. Journal of Public Health Studies, 10(1), 55-67.
  17. Musa, A., & Dogo, B. (2019). Attitudes towards toilet infection prevention among students from three secondary schools in Maiduguri, Nigeria: A cross-sectional survey. Journal of Health Education Research & Development, 16(2), 123-132.
  18. Nlunda, J., Konde, J., YambaYamba, M., & Kiyombo, G. (2023). Assessing School-Based Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Facilities in Peri-Urban Settings of Kinshasa, DR Congo. Open Journal of Epidemiology, 13, 24-45. doi: 10.4236/ojepi.2023.131003.
  19. Nwosu, N. I., Mmerem, J. I., Ozougwu, J. J., Nlewedim, P. I., Ugwa, O. M., Ugwunna, N. C., Nwosu, E. O., & Ndu, A. C. (2024). Knowledge of hand hygiene and evaluation of hand washing technique among nurses at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital. BMC Nursing, 23, 872. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-024-02519-2
  20. Onyedibe, K. I., Shehu, N. Y., Pires, D., Isa, S. E., Okolo, M. O., Gomerep, S. S., Ibrahim, C., Igbanugo, S. J., Odesanya, R. U., Olayinka, A., Egah, D. Z., & Pittet, D. (2020). Assessment of hand hygiene facilities and staff compliance in a large tertiary health care facility in northern Nigeria: a cross-sectional study. Antimicrobial resistance and infection control, 9(1), 30. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-020-0693-1
  21. Ozibo, R. (2025). 70% of Nigerian schools and 88% of health facilities lack basic sanitation - UNICEF. Nairametrics. https://nairametrics.com/2024/11/19/70-of-nigerian-schools-and-88-of-health-facilities-lack-basic-sanitation-unicef/
  22. Puro, V., Coppola, N., Frasca, A., Gentile, I., Luzzaro, F., Peghetti, A., & Sganga, G. (2022). Pillars for prevention and control of healthcare-associated infections: an Italian expert opinion statement. Antimicrobial resistance and infection control, 11(1), 87. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-022-01125-8
  23. Sado, K., Keenan, K., Manataki, A., Kesby, M., Mushi, M. F., Mshana, S. E., Mwanga, J. R., Neema, S., Asiimwe, B., Bazira, J., Kiiru, J., Green, D. L., Ke, X., Maldonado-Barragán, A., Abed Al Ahad, M., Fredricks, K. J., Gillespie, S. H., Sabiiti, W., Mmbaga, B. T., & Kibiki, G. (2024). Treatment seeking behaviours, antibiotic use and relationships to multi-drug resistance: A study of urinary tract infection patients in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda. PLOS Global Public Health, 4(2), e0002709. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0002709
  24. Sherpa, S. Z., Rai, N., Giri, S., Dhakal, K., Lepcha, K. W., Subba, C. H., Bhutia, N. P., Timisina, B., Lama, S., Thapa, R., Dey, A., Chettri, P., Chettri, M., Singh, P., Bhutia, H. P., & Bhutia, D. O. (2022). Knowledge, attitude, and hygienic practice toward preventive measures of urinary tract infection among adolescent girls of selected rural areas Sikkim. International Journal of Advances in Nursing Management, 10(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.52711/2454-2652.2022.00001
  25. World Health Organization. (2024). Global report on infection prevention and control 2024. World Health Organization. https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/379632
  26. Yusuf, K., & Aminu, L. (2020). Practices of toilet hygiene among secondary school students in Yobe State. Journal of Health Research, 18(4), 78-88.

Cited By (8)

Works that cite this article, via Crossref Cited-by.

  1. ASSESSMENT OF PRACTICE OF FOOD HYIEGENE AMONG FOOD HANDLERS IN BOARDING SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN NORTHWEST ZONE, NIGERIA . Journal of Educational Research and Development (2026) . https://doi.org/10.67203/jerd.2026.it4jk7b3
  2. ASSESSMENT OF PRACTICE OF TOILET INFECTION PREVENTIVE MEASURES AMONG BOARDING SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN NORTH EAST, NIGERIA . Journal of Educational Research and Development (2026) . https://doi.org/10.67203/jerd.2026.8xljbe3c
  3. ASSESSMENT OF SCHOOL-BASED MANAGEMENT COMMITTEES’ PARTICIPATION IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PUBLIC SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN SOUTH-WEST NIGERIA . Journal of Educational Research and Development (2026) . https://doi.org/10.67203/jerd.2026.ijs53dhl
  4. IMPACT OF ADOLESCENT GIRLS’ INITIATIVE FOR LEARNING AND EMPOWERMENT (AGILE) ON MANAGEMENT OF EDUCATION IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA . Journal of Educational Research and Development (2026) . https://doi.org/10.67203/jerd.2026.i7knb2f3
  5. ALMAJIRI SYSTEM OF EDUCATION, THE OTHER SIDE OF THE COIN: A CALL FOR RESTRUCTURING AND INTEGRATION . Journal of Educational Research and Development (2025) . https://doi.org/10.67203/jerd.2025.7bzx71dj
  6. EMPOWERING THE MARGINALIZED: SUSTAINABLE SOLUTIONS FOR OUT-OF-SCHOOL CHILDREN IN NIGERIA AMIDST SOCIOECONOMIC CHALLENGES . Journal of Educational Research and Development (2025) . https://doi.org/10.67203/jerd.2025.qhj9x9n0
  7. KNOWLEDGE SHARING FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF TEACHING ACTIVITIES IN NIGERIAN TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS: A CASE STUDY OF KADUNA POLYTECHNIC . Journal of Educational Research and Development (2025) . https://doi.org/10.67203/jerd.2025.hd84hhet
  8. THE IMPACT OF GIRL CHILD EDUCATION ON COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA AND BEYOND . Journal of Educational Research and Development (2025) . https://doi.org/10.67203/jerd.2025.h04y21nx
How to Cite

SOLOMON, H. A., MUSA, U., ISIAQ, A. T., AKOREDE, A. A., & DANIEL, O. A. (2025). ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE OF TOILET INFECTION PREVENTIVE MEASURES AMONG BOARDING SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN NORTH EAST, NIGERIA. Global Journal of Health Related Researches, 7(1), 62-67. https://doi.org/10.67203/gjhrr.2025.xzx0cnx6

H. A. SOLOMON, U. MUSA, A. T. ISIAQ, A. A. AKOREDE, and O. A. DANIEL, "ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE OF TOILET INFECTION PREVENTIVE MEASURES AMONG BOARDING SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN NORTH EAST, NIGERIA," Global Journal of Health Related Researches, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 62-67, March 2025. doi: 10.67203/gjhrr.2025.xzx0cnx6

Share this article:
Facebook X / Twitter LinkedIn