Research Article

ASSESSMENT OF PRACTICE OF TOILET INFECTION PREVENTIVE MEASURES AMONG BOARDING SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN NORTH EAST, NIGERIA

Hannatu Solomon AKUNDO1*, Janet AKYOBA1
1 Department of Human Kinetics and Health Education, Taraba State University, Jalingo, Nigeria
* Corresponding author: Solomonhannatu88@gmail.com
Published: Jun, 2026
Pages: 1 - 7
Views: 40
Downloads: 14

Abstract

The study assessed the practice of toilet infection preventive measures among boarding secondary school students
in North East, Nigeria. To achieve this purpose, descriptive survey research design was used. The population for
this study was twenty-five thousand seven hundred and seventy-three (25,773) female students in boarding
secondary schools across North-East Nigeria. The sample size of 378 was selected using multistage sampling
procedures which include stratified, simple random, purposive, and proportionate sampling. The instrument for
data collection was a structured questionnaire developed by the researcher. The instrument was pilot-tested using
Cronbach Alpha and a 0.851 coefficient value was obtained. The Descriptive statistics of frequency and simple
percentages were used to analyze the demographic characteristics of the respondents. The research question was
answered using mean and standard deviation and inferential statistics of one-sampled t-test was used to test the
stated hypothesis at a 0.05 level of significance. The result revealed that the practice of toilet infection preventive
measures is significant (t = 15.351; p = 0.000). Based on the results, the study concluded that boarding secondary
school students in North East, Nigeria practice toilet infection preventive measures. Based on the conclusion, the
study recommends among others the need for the school administrators to implement comprehensive educational
programmes to reinforce and maintain the high level of knowledge among boarding secondary school students in
North East, Nigeria regarding toilet infection preventive measures.

Keywords

Practice Toilet Infection Preventive Measures Boarding School Students

References

  1. Abdulbaqi, S. Z., Tejideen, T. O., & Isiaq, A. T. (2019). Perceived effects of poor sanitation on health of undergraduate students in Hall of Residents, University of Ilorin. Osun Sociological Review, 5(1), 112-122.
  2. Adebayo, A. M., Akinyemi, O. O., & Cadmus, E. O. (2019). Knowledge of urinary tract infection and its prevention among female secondary school students in Ibadan, Nigeria. African Journal of Biomedical Research, 22(1), 45-50.
  3. Adjei, S., & Oduro-Kwarteng, S. (2018). Improving school sanitation and hygiene education in Ghana: A case study of the Kumasi Metropolis. Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development, 8(2), 234-241. https://doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2018.123
  4. Ahmed, S., & Mohammed, A. (2020). Hygiene practices among students in Northeast Nigeria: A case study. Journal of School Health and Hygiene, 25(4), 203-215.
  5. Akinwale, O. P., & Ogunnowo, B. E. (2017). Assessment of toilet facilities and hygiene practices in public secondary schools in Lagos State, Nigeria. Journal of Environmental Health Research, 16(2), 89-97.
  6. Akorede, S. N., Akorede, A. A., Isiaq, A. T., & Yusuf I. S. (2022). Influence of demographic characteristics on family planning adoption among females in Samaru, Kaduna State. Kampala International University Interdisciplinary Journal of Social Science and Humanities, 3(1), 1-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.59568/KIJHUS-2022-3-1-01
  7. Aliyu, A., Musa, B. M., & Gadanya, M. A. (2021). Sanitation and hygiene practices among boarding secondary school students in Borno State, Nigeria: Implications for public health. Nigerian Journal of Public Health, 12(3), 112-120.
  8. Almaghlouth, A. K., Alkhalaf, R. A., Alshamrani, A. A., Alibrahim, J. A., Alhulibi, B. S., Al-Yousef, A. Y., Alamer, A. K., Alsuabie, S. M., Almuhanna, S. M., & Alshehri, A. D. (2023). Awareness, knowledge, and attitude towards urinary tract infections: An appraisal from Saudi Arabia. Cureus, 15(11), e49352. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.49352
  9. Amin, A., Abdulrauf, A., & Isiaq, A. T. (2024). Strategies for the implementation of environmental protection regulations towards sustainable waste management in Oyo State. Gusau International Journal of Management and Social Sciences, 7(2), 83-104. https://doi.org/10.57233/gijimss.v7i2.05
  10. Aminu, T., & Umaru, U. (2018). Knowledge, attitude, and practice of toilet hygiene in secondary schools in Bauchi. Journal of Hygiene and School Health, 17(2), 101-113.
  11. Foxman, B. (2021). Urinary tract infection syndromes: Occurrence, recurrence, bacteriology, risk factors, and disease burden. Infectious Disease Clinics of North America, 28(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idc.2013.09.003
  12. Harande, S., Isiaq, A. T., Ayabiogbe, C. I., Lawan, A., Yakubu, S., & Ali, B. (2025). Effect of menstrual hygiene on the health status of female adolescents in senior secondary schools in Zaria Local Government Area of Kaduna State. Global Journal of Health Related Researches, 7(1), 124-131.
  13. Mbugua, S. K., & Kariuki, S. (2016). Impact of school hygiene education on handwashing practices among primary school children in Nairobi, Kenya. East African Medical Journal, 93(5), 45-50.
  14. Musa, A., & Dogo, B. (2019). Attitudes towards toilet infection prevention among students from three secondary schools in Maiduguri, Nigeria: A cross-sectional survey. Journal of Health Education Research & Development, 16(2), 123-132.
  15. Nwadiuto, A. C., & Okonko, I. O. (2018). Prevalence of urinary tract infections among female students in a Nigerian university. Journal of Microbiology and Antimicrobials, 10(2), 12-18.
  16. Okonko, I. O., Ijandipe, L. A., & Ogun, A. A. (2020). Incidence of urinary tract infection among pregnant women in Ibadan, South-Western Nigeria. African Journal of Biotechnology, 9(36), 5875-5880.
  17. Oloruntoba, E. O., & Folarin, T. B. (2020). Hygiene and sanitation practices among secondary school students in Osun State, Nigeria. Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology, 6(5), 174-180.
  18. Sani, M., & Bello, A. (2019). Knowledge and hygiene practices among school students in Gombe State. Journal of Adolescent Health Research, 15(3), 112-124.
  19. Sherpa, S. Z., Rai, N., Giri, S., Dhakal, K., Lepcha, K. W., Subba, C. H., Bhutia, N. P., Timisina, B., Lama, S., Thapa, R., Dey, A., Chettri, P., Chettri, M., Singh, P., Bhutia, H. P., & Bhutia, D. O. (2022). Knowledge, attitude, and hygienic practice towards preventive measures of urinary tract infection among adolescent girls of selected rural areas Sikkim. International Journal of Advances in Nursing Management, 10(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.52711/2454-2652.2022.00001
  20. Solomon, H. A., Umaru, M., Isiaq, A. T., Akorede, A. A., & Daniel, O. A. (2025). Assessment of knowledge of toilet infection preventive measures among boarding secondary school students in North East, Nigeria. Global Journal of Health Related Researches, 7(1), 62-67.
  21. UNICEF. (2021). Water, sanitation, and hygiene in sub-Saharan Africa: Key facts and figures. https://www.unicef.org/wash
  22. World Health Organization. (2022). Water, sanitation, and hygiene in health care facilities: Global progress report. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240048863
How to Cite

AKUNDO, H. S., & AKYOBA, J. (2026). ASSESSMENT OF PRACTICE OF TOILET INFECTION PREVENTIVE MEASURES AMONG BOARDING SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN NORTH EAST, NIGERIA. Journal of Educational Research and Development, 21(2), 1 - 7.

H. S. AKUNDO, and J. AKYOBA, "ASSESSMENT OF PRACTICE OF TOILET INFECTION PREVENTIVE MEASURES AMONG BOARDING SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN NORTH EAST, NIGERIA," Journal of Educational Research and Development, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 1 - 7, June 2026.

Share this article:
Facebook X / Twitter LinkedIn
Download PDF View Full Text (PDF) Back to Articles